Cracking the Prophetic Code
Unveiling the Symbolism, Meaning, and Identity of the Ten Horns on Daniel’s Fourth Beast
Volume I
Second Edition
Rodrigues, A. P. Cracking the prophetic code : unveiling the symbolism, meaning, and identity of the ten horns on Daniel's fourth beast / A. P. Rodrigues. -- 2nd ed. Passo de Torres, SC : Self-published, 2025. (Cracking the Prophetic Code series ; v. 1) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-65-01-58548-2 1. Bible. O.T. Daniel--Commentaries. 2. Bible. O.T. Daniel--Criticism, interpretation, etc. 3. Bible. O.T. Daniel--Prophecies. 4. Daniel (Biblical figure). 5. Eschatology--Biblical teaching. 6. Prophecy--Biblical teaching. I. Title. DDC 224.507
To the Omniscient Most High.
Love to the One Who loved us first.
Preface to the Second Edition
I have already mentioned that this book began to be written in 2022. Deep and significant changes were beginning to happen in my life at that time, as I was writing the first drafts of the book, and these changes found a way to shape not only the content but also the form in which the reader received the writings prepared for the first volume.
The first volume had two versions. Some digital copies of the first version were distributed, but it no longer represents my thinking on the subject. Although it is not wrong in every detail, as a whole, its meaning deviates from the truth by presenting secondary facts or events as if they were the primary events and facts that primally fulfill the prophecy.
The second version of those early writings, much reduced and leaner, stripped of misconceptions, became the first edition of this volume, which now receives this second edition. It brings some expository polish, some reflective expansion, and some further excisions of inaccuracies that, while making the author blush, also show his genuine commitment to the subject and to his readers.
A Portuguese Edition
This present edition, which—this author thinks—is by no means the last, comes into the world accompanied by a twin sister. This edition has a version made for Portuguese-speaking readers, under the title "Hackeando as Profecias" and subtitle "Expondo o Símbolo, o Significado e a Identidade dos Dez Chifres do Animal Monstruoso de Daniel".
Whether this is the last edition or not, other books will still have to be written (I wish in several languages), about the far-reaching consequences that stem from the discovery, or rediscovery, that the ten first Roman emperors are the ten horns of Daniel.
Preface to the First Edition
First and foremost, I would like to say that I am not a priest, nor a pastor, nor a theologian, nor a historian, nor do I have any academic background related to the subject of this book. I am, as they say, merely an interested citizen in the matter and in its development for the greater glory of the Most High.
This book began to be written in 2022, but its content had already been occupying my head since the early 1990s, when I was just a young boy taking my first Bible lessons and hearing with great enthusiasm that God had made many predictions, since the earliest biblical times, about future events then still distant, but which had, in fact, happened and could be verified by the people of our time.
A lot of water has passed under the bridge before I thought of writing a book on this subject, and much more flowed before I reached clarity and certainty about a minuscule domain of everything I had been reading, studying, meditating on, and contemplating within the vast, confusing, and uncertain, yet still stimulating and promising field of biblical prophecies.
Initially, the first encounters with the various prophecies naturally brought satisfaction and wonder, due to the enjoyment of a new, sacred knowledge that was further proof of the existence, the foreknowledge, and the power of God to bring about events exactly as the prophets had foretold.
After some time studying biblical prophecy, I reached a certain degree of clarity regarding various details, implications, nuances, etc. I also became aware of the vast number of studies, analyses, apologetics, critiques, and how impossible it would be to cover everything else that has ever been thought, said, and written or discovered concerning biblical prophecies in the most varied fields of knowledge and over a time as long as that marked by the writing of the first book of the Bible, all of which are important for the understanding of the subject.
It is a very pleasant fact that I began writing after the advent of modern human speech artificial intelligences. These technologies can become true personal assistants in the most diverse subjects. What, long ago, might have been accessible only to very wealthy people, able to afford expert assistants and aides, qualified to give qualified advice in their fields and to perform bureaucratic tasks, is today available to any person willing to access one of these marvels of the imitation of human reasoning and speech.
Thus, much of the bibliographical research, the references to past events, the gathering, clarification, or description of remote historical facts is within reach of a prompt with the right question. These facilities leveraged the research phase of the book, which, in truth, developed hand-in-hand with its writing.
Even so, due to time and resource constraints, the final preparation of this first edition had to be accelerated and shortened. For this reason, some points may lack bibliographical citation or other references, although, on the other hand, in many other points, indications of primary sources have been given, for example, with their online addresses provided in footnotes for easy reference, in Portuguese, Spanish, or English. We hope that future editions will resolve or, where necessary, correct any present shortcomings or inadequacies. Supporting video material for this book is being prepared and will be gradually available on my YouTube channel, @aprodriguesOficial. On this channel, we will discuss not only the prophecy of Daniel 7, but many others.
Beyond and above these mere technological supports, and without ever having had any out-of-the-ordinary spiritual gift, I can say that in some moments of meditative doubt, I felt as if the answer appeared to me, without even the subtlest effort of intuiting, recalling, or reasoning. Saint Paul said that prophecy edifies the Church. I can say that it uplifts the spirit of those who study it, for the foreknowledge of the future is content from the Divine Mind. It brings spiritual joy and grace that strengthens the human intelligence. Without these gracious pillars, true gifts of the Spirit, this book would not have been completed.
To conclude, I would like to say that this book was written in an affirmative manner. In it, I do not compare, expound upon, or challenge divergent views regarding its subject, although in the final Conclusion of this book, I do dedicate a few lines to exposing the gross and exaggerated error committed by an important critique of Daniel’s prophecy. In this book, I present to the reader my personal view on the subject and I try to support it, to the best of my ability, by presenting arguments and facts. I am not the first to speak of these things, nor do I intend to have the last word on the matter. Thus, this is a speculative work. This work can be described as the result of a self-taught effort or, surreptitiously, disqualified as the result of a merely self-taught or dilettantish effort with no resonance with the academic or denominational mainstream. There are many interpretive proposals at war on this battlefield, and it is a shame that there are pontificating scholars who no longer show the slightest interest in inquiring, in detail and thoroughly, about those that reach them, even when asked for help and clarification, thus excusing themselves, from a distance, from fulfilling their lofty spiritual obligation to speak in the name and with the authority of the Mother and Teacher, and yet still striking academic poses of an intellectual superiority that, however, exists only in their presumption.
All that is left for us is to seek the Truth as if groping in the dark, a little here, a little there, climbing steps in the direction of greater clarity until it is perfect day. I am sure that the reader will feel, in many moments, their heart burning within them, like that of the disciples on the road to Emmaus. The truth felt in the soul does not require erudite or any other kind of argumentative support, but the latter can be given like the setting for apples of gold or like their polishing. And, as unnecessary as it may be, this author was able to present a formidable salver of silver, in the form of a mathematical proof for the premise of this book. Reading or understanding the content of this proof is by no means necessary for a full understanding of this book’s subject.
The proof ended up being very long, and for this reason, it was given its own space in a separate book. This way, the various mathematical details could be well developed. It is an interesting read that takes one’s consciousness to an unusual crossroads, yet one full of biblical truth and mathematical beauty. The reader can find it under the title "The Proof That the 10 Horns of Daniel’s Prophecy Are the First 10 Roman Emperors" on my personal website.
The small argument that will be presented in the The Book’s Premise, Its Origin, and Validity Section of the Introduction is, always has been, and always will be the simple, accessible, and convincing explanation of the identity between the 10 horns and the first 10 emperors. A mathematical proof is just the second hand of the clock pointing up in the perfect vertical direction. Such a feat is also proof of this author’s commitment to the subject; one who, without being a theologian or a historian, has used and will continue to use all resources at his disposal for the development of the subject, the improvement of its written exposition, and its dissemination.
Introduction
Between the rise of Nebuchadnezzar to power and Constantine the Great becoming a Christian, nearly 10 centuries passed, filled with anonymous events, most of which occurred in parts of the globe entirely foreign to the Sacred History that was unfolding among the people, in the institutions, and in the lives of the individuals of the small, but not despicable, nation of Israel.
The bustling prophetic movement of that nation must have eluded all the expectations of its enemies and invaders. It is likely that no one at that time, not even the Israelites or Jews themselves, ever imagined that nearly three thousand years after their captivity in Babylon, the prophecies of that era would still be the object of appreciation and serious study.
Of course, much of what was prophesied at that time has already come to pass. The importance for us today of knowing the symbols, their meanings, and their referents is immense and can help safeguard our trust in God, or recover it. The symbology, as is known, is simple, but it is shrouded, on one hand, in controversies, critiques, and disputes, and on the other, it is the object of apologetics and attempts at interpretation that have dragged on for millennia, ultimately producing in our consciences a residue of confusion, suspicion, or disinterest that contend with the malnourished faith of our times and frequently overcome it.
The Book’s Premise, Its Origin, and Validity
The reader will see, in the very first pages of this book, that some of the mystery and obscurity surrounding the prophecy of the ten horns of Daniel will simply disappear. You will also see, in the upcoming volumes of the Cracking the Prophetic Code series, that the flesh-and-blood people referenced by these ten horns are the same ones referred to by the 10 horns of the dragon in Revelation 12 and those of the first beast in Revelation 13. Straight to the point: the first ten Roman emperors, starting with Augustus and ending with Emperor Titus, are the ten horns, including the little horn. This is the premise of this book. And the book is the long proof that this premise is true. Thus, this book is the explanation of this statement, and if, upon reading this premise, you have already understood its meaning, there is no need to continue reading—you have understood the entire book.
This book is, in a way, the compilation of arguments, clues, artifacts, facts, memories, and historical records that demonstrate that the first 10 Roman emperors fulfill the prophecy of the ten horns found in chapter 7 of Daniel. This connection, without being mysterious or difficult, does not, however, shine with the clarity that a quick or inattentive reading of the biblical text might miss.
But how does one arrive at the initial premise? How does one grasp its truth in order to then attempt to demonstrate that truth? I answer: with some intuition, certainly. But consider this: if you accept that the fourth beast of Daniel 7 symbolizes the Roman Empire and you trust the statement from the prophecy itself that the horns are kings[1], then you simply need to start asking: which kings could these be?
But why accept that the fourth beast is the Roman Empire? I answer once more: there is a clue about the time of this fourth beast, again, in the prophecy itself. This clue is given in the appearance of the Ancient of Days, who is approached by a Son of Man. Contrary to what many may think, this scene does not represent the Second Advent of Christ to Earth. The Second Advent will be, in some way, a physical departure of this Son of Man from the heavenly throne, where the Ancient of Days is seated, in order to approach our planet, also physically. But we know from the Sacred History of Our Lord that after His resurrection, He ascended to Heaven, approached the heavenly throne, and sat upon it.[2]
These events are facts from the biography of Jesus of Nazareth, whose earthly life took place during the years when the first two Roman emperors, Augustus and Tiberius, also lived; see the first two rows of Table The first 10 Roman emperors are the 10 horns ahead for more details. The emperors Augustus and Tiberius are, in fact, mentioned in the Gospels[3] due to the influence of their imperial actions on Jesus’s life. The fourth emperor, Claudius, is also mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles.[4] Thus, the initial premise comes from an intuition based on widely-known historical facts and from trust in the prophetic revelation that the Son of Man, Jesus of Nazareth, after His death, approached the throne of the Heavenly Majesty. In the Appendices, the reader will find Section Son of Man, where we show, mainly through Our Lord’s own statements in the Gospels, that the Son of Man from Daniel’s prophecy is He Himself in His First Advent—the one in which He is born, dies, and is resurrected, to then approach the Ancient of Days.
The Consequences
This initial identification of the horns with 10 real people ultimately leads us to the clarification of every detail of the prophecies of Daniel 7 and of Revelation 12, 13, and 17. I will show how the mentions in these texts establish point-by-point links with known and chronologically ordered historical facts, which are the connections from which the conviction of the truth of the initial premise emerges—namely, that the ten horns are the first 10 Roman emperors who ruled the empire between the years 27 B.C. and 81 A.D. What is important here are not these start and end dates, but the sacred events that unfolded in the period they encompass, or that began between them. We will speak much more about these events in the following chapters.
How the Content is Presented
The books of the Cracking the Prophetic Code series are not, and do not intend to be, arid books of theories or formalistic arguments. Quite the contrary, the facts and meanings have been, as it were, tossed onto their pages. The facts mentioned are, for the most part, encyclopedic, widely-known, and require no further explanations or introductions. Thus, our work has been restricted to showing the equivalence or similarity of the form contained in the facts, on one hand, with the form exposed in the prophetic symbol, on the other. These books, far from wanting to use or display any cleverness or erudition, desire, rather, to allow Omniscient Wisdom to show the reader’s conscience that It is the One behind so many accurate predictions about such long periods of History and so distant from the time in which they were made, by two men so separated in time. The simple encounter between facts and their symbolic predictions, the objective of the Cracking the Prophetic Code series, should awaken in the reader’s mind the admiration and awe that are so often the beginning of the attraction to the Truth.
Symbol, Meaning, and Referent
The Cracking the Prophetic Code series addresses symbols that were given by biblical prophets at least two millennia ago. The representations, images, or impressions that these symbols evoke in our minds do not come alone and would not be sufficient for us to understand them. It is necessary that we explain their meaning, that is, the subjective intent contained within it. In addition to the meaning, it is also necessary to indicate the referent, that is, the object, the thing, the event, or any element of the world (real, objective, or subjective) to which the symbol and the meaning refer[5], hence the use of the word referent.
For example, the first biblical prophecy was given by God, in person, to that first couple in paradise, and it is a symbol of hope in the victory over evil and sin, and whose referent would only materialize many millennia later in the first advent of Our Lord. When we read:[6]
15I will put enmity
between you and the woman,
and between your offspring
and her offspring;
he shall bruise your head,
and you shall bruise his heel.
we know that the meaning is the coming of a Messiah, who would be the descendant of Eve and who, in the end, will restore Nature to its original state and, today, offers, for free, the same restoration to anyone who accepts it.
Jesus of Nazareth, in fact, lived at the time when the Romans formed their empire. The Romans were a pagan people, and their emperors believed themselves to be deities and imposed the cult of themselves upon their subjects. Their debased spiritual condition was, as we will see in the course of the book, portrayed three times in the Bible in a grotesque and aversive manner: a monstrous animal, a dragon, and a chimera. Jesus of Nazareth was condemned in Roman courts and sentenced to the Roman penalty of being crucified. He was sentenced to death for the crime of having declared Himself to be the Son of God and King of the Jews. While still alive, He stated that He would found a Church and that not even hell would destroy it. This Church was indeed founded and spread to all corners of the Empire by His first followers. After an initial period of hellish persecutions, this Church did, in fact, become the official religion of the empire, overcame its paganism, eradicated the belief in the divinity of the emperor and the cult to him, and, under its influence, that primitive judicial system that condemned and killed the Son of God was so greatly improved and perfected that, for centuries, it has served as the basis and model for the legal systems of all Western nations. This is the referent of that first prophecy. This referent is, in fact, the beginning of an event so long, still unfinished, and so completely present in reality, that it ceases to be just an event and becomes History itself.
Thus, the reader will see that I will be, at all times, indicating or explaining what the meaning is and who or what the referent is for each prophecy commented on in this book. It would be pointless to speak of prophecies without speaking of their fulfillment, the referent. Nor would it be useful to indicate the symbol and the referent without elucidating their meaning, which is often given in the prophetic text itself.
The Prophetic Symbol and the Divine Mind
There is a detail that is, in itself, not a detail at all, and whose full explanation would yield another book or books. The meaning of a created symbol is given by its author. A painter who paints a picture or a child who makes a drawing, for example, gives a meaning to their created work. This meaning may be declared or not, but there is a meaning. This original meaning is not altered by the different and even opposite meaning that may be given by those who later appreciate or criticize the work, even if it is the author himself, since not even he can go back to the past to erase that first meaning from reality. The original meaning is linked to the conception and making of the work. If we accept that biblical symbols, especially prophetic ones, are given by God Himself, then the meaning of these symbols points to the original divine intention. If the referent is a fact or a sequence of historical facts, then these symbols are the revelation of the divine intention that existed before, above, and throughout History. We will see in the case of the prophecy of Daniel 7 and those derived from it that the divine intention was fully realized. Saint Paul says that prophecy edifies the Church, and I can say from personal experience that, indeed, when it is studied and verified, as we will do, it strengthens one’s trust in God through participation, however partial or imperfect, in His Foreknowledge.
Holiness
The structure of reality hides intangible facts. Love for a spouse, parents, or children can be mentioned and discussed, but it cannot be proven, although it can be demonstrated. For example, a man can claim to love a woman and give all the outward signs to support this claim, yet deep down, be only interested in her wealth and even secretly despise her with all his heart.
In the physical world, this also happens. The mathematical object that is one of the most fundamental concepts in all of Quantum Physics is the Wave Function. Yet, a quantum physicist will swear up and down that this object has no physical meaning, and that this meaning only begins to appear from the square of the modulus of this function. Thus, for practical purposes, the wave function is intangible, by definition, and yet, without it, the high considerations of the most advanced science of our time would be impossible.
In the order of the sacred, there are realities like this as well. Throughout the centuries, universal theology has recognized the existence of holy people, whose holiness, however, can only be attested to after their deaths, for a very simple reason: we all have the freedom and the faculty to change. Perhaps one of the most famous changes of soul in the world is that of the thief on the cross. A wonderful change for the Good in the last minute of life. On the other hand, as unlikely as it may seem, a person known for having lived an irreproachable life can also change their mind before or shortly before dying and commit acts contrary to holiness. These acts can be committed in hidden recesses, inaccessible to any other human being. Holiness, in fact, has its genesis in the Spirit, encompasses the psychic order of whoever opens themselves to it, is demonstrated in external acts and facts, but is only completely witnessed, probed, and proven by the individual who seeks it and by the Spirit Himself. No one else can enter the innermost center of another to achieve absolute certainty of its content. Thus, one understands why the Church only declares an individual to be a saint, and even then, only after an extensive examination of their life, an examination that can last for centuries. It is not because it wants to; it is because the structure of reality is sovereign.
We need to touch on this subject here, even if in passing and superficially, because the prophecy of Daniel 7, mentions the saints under oppression and also mentions them in the happy and desired eternal possession of the kingdom. We will soon see that understanding the condition of existence of the saints mentioned against the backdrop of the event in which the Son of Man approaches the Ancient of Days is one of the crucial keys that will open our understanding of the clarifications and expansion that Saint John will make of this same subject in Revelation.
1. Four Symbolic Animals and Ten Real People
Who the Four Animals Were Historically
Ten horns appear on the head of the fourth beast in chapter 7 of the book of Daniel. The fourth beast was great and terrible, and it had 10 horns[7]. This fourth beast did not resemble any known animal to Daniel. However, the first three animals in this prophecy were a lion, a bear, and a leopard.[8] Not only did the first 3 animals resemble known species in appearance, but their meaning in the prophecy is, for people of our time, as easy to know as opening a good history book on the Ancient Near East. See the table Some details and indication of primary sources, just below.
At this point, there is no longer any secret or mystery as to who the four animals of Daniel chapter 7 are. Each of them refers to one of the empires created by the dynasties of the Babylonian, Medo-Persian, Greek (extending to the Hellenic-Hellenistic period), and Roman peoples. The reader may ask: but why, among so many ancient kingdoms and empires, did these four become the subject of a biblical prophecy? The answer is simple: these empires extended their domains over the Holy Land and influenced the destiny of that small and overlooked but not insignificant nation, in the midst of which Our Lord Jesus Christ would be born.
Overlooked, yes, since only gentile practitioners of magic were able to inform the Roman rulers of Palestine the time when a Child-God would be born there. It is shameful for the wise to lose awareness of themselves. And this was the fate of the nation that was born to bring the Son of God into the world.
There was no other empire, besides these four, that invaded, controlled, directed, and influenced, in one way or another, the political destiny of the Holy Land and its vast surroundings in the period between the Babylonian invasion in 586 B.C. and the fall of the Roman Empire in the year 476 A.D.
Below is a table with information on the beginning and end of each of the mentioned empires.
Empire | Beginning | End | Animal |
---|---|---|---|
Babylonian |
626 B.C. (Ascension of Nabopolassar to the throne) |
539 B.C. (Conquest of Babylon by Cyrus the Great) |
Lion with eagle’s wings. Its wings were plucked off, and it was made to stand on two feet like a man, and a human heart was given to it. |
Medo-Persian |
539 B.C. (Conquest of Babylon by Cyrus the Great) |
330 B.C. (Conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great) |
Bear, raised up on one side, with three ribs between its teeth. It was told to devour much flesh. |
Greek |
330 B.C. (Conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great) |
The Hellenistic kingdoms continued to exist for many years, until Rome gradually absorbed most of their lands in the 2nd century B.C. |
Leopard with 4 wings and 4 heads. It was given authority to rule. |
Roman |
27 B.C. (when Augustus became the first Roman emperor.) |
81 A.D. (year of the death of the 10th emperor, Titus.) |
A terrifying beast, dreadful and exceedingly strong, with great iron teeth and 10 horns. It devoured, crushed, and trampled what was left. |

Empires | Details | Primary Sources |
---|---|---|
Babylonian |
The Babylonian Empire, under King Nebuchadnezzar II, conquered Jerusalem and destroyed the First Temple in 586 B.C. This resulted in the exile of the Jewish people to Babylon (modern-day Iraq). |
Cyrus Cylinder[9], Book of Ezra |
Medo-Persian |
The Medo-Persian Empire, after conquering Babylon, allowed the Jews to return to their homeland and rebuild the Temple. This period is marked by the return and reconstruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. |
Cyrus Cylinder[9] |
Greek |
The Greek Empire, led by Alexander the Great, conquered the region. After his death, the empire’s territories were divided among 4 successors, two of whom were the Ptolemies (Egypt) and the Seleucids . This led to conflicts and tensions in Judea, including the Maccabean revolt. After the death of Alexander in 323 B.C., the series of wars that followed resulted in the fragmentation of the empire into Hellenistic kingdoms. |
"The Anabasis of Alexander"[10] by Arrian, "Lives of Alexander and Caesar"[11] by Plutarch. |
Roman |
Judea eventually came under the rule of the Roman Empire after the fall of the Seleucids. Eventually, the conflict between the Jews and the Romans led to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 A.D. Titus, the 10th Roman emperor, ruled from 79 A.D. until his death in 81 A.D. The Roman Empire continued to exist long after the reign of Titus, with several other emperors succeeding him. Titus, while still a general, led the operations that resulted in the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. |
"The Jewish War", books I to VII, by Flavius Josephus.[12] |
Who the Ten Horns Were
The Romans had been expanding their territories for a long time when Our Lord came into the world, but the succession of rulers who came to be known as emperors of the Roman domains only began less than 30 years before the birth of Our Lord, and Palestine was only definitively annexed to these domains in 37 B.C., a few years before the era of the emperors. When the first Roman emperor died in 14 A.D., Jesus of Nazareth was still a child. Thus, the Roman Empire and the Christian Era began at almost the same time in History.
Name[13] | Start/End | Horn | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Augustus, Caesar Augustus |
January 16, 27 B.C. – August 19, 14 A.D. or January 7, 43 B.C. – August 19, 14 A.D. |
1st Horn |
|
Tiberius, Tiberius Caesar Augustus |
September 17, 14 – March 16, 37 |
2nd Horn |
|
Caligula, Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus |
March 18, 37 – January 24, 41 |
3rd Horn |
|
Claudius, Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus |
January 24, 41 – October 13, 54 |
4th Horn |
|
Nero, Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus |
October 13, 54 – June 9, 68 |
5th Horn |
|
Galba, Servius Galba Caesar Augustus |
June 8, 68 – January 15, 69 |
6th Horn, 1st uprooted |
|
Otho, Marcus Otho Caesar Augustus |
January 15 – April 16, 69 |
7th Horn, 2nd uprooted |
|
Vitellius, Aulus Vitellius Germanicus Augustus |
April 19 – December 20, 69 |
8th Horn, 3rd uprooted |
|
Vespasian, Caesar Vespasian Augustus |
July 1, 69 – June 23, 79 |
9th Horn |
|
Titus, Titus Caesar Vespasian Augustus |
June 24, 79 – September 13, 81 |
Little Horn during the period he was a military commander and then a Roman general until July 23, 79. |
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The 3 Horns That Were Uprooted
Christianity would come to subvert the official religion of the Roman Empire, but before this, the Romans would destroy the city and the Temple that was the cradle of Christianity. Titus was the 10th Roman emperor, but before becoming emperor, he was the general who led the invasion of Judea, the siege of Jerusalem, and the total destruction of its temple in the year 70 A.D. In that year, his father, Vespasian, was already the 9th emperor of Rome. A few months earlier, from 68 to 69 A.D., three emperors—Galba, Otho, and Vitellius—had risen to power only to be immediately dethroned in a frantic succession of coups and revolts undertaken by the parties interested in taking command of the most powerful empire in the world at that time. This episode in ancient history became known as the Year of the Four Emperors.[15] Titus was not yet emperor at that time, and his position as a Roman general placed him below the emperor. If emperors were compared to horns, a general would be a little horn. And the prophecy is that before the eyes of this little horn, 3 other horns were uprooted.
The Little Horn is the Tenth Horn
The more attentive reader might ask: but isn’t the little horn an 11th horn? I would answer, yes, textually the little horn is distinguished from the 10 previously mentioned, but Titus was in fact a general—a position inferior to that of emperor—in the period of 68 to 69. Furthermore, the three emperors who were uprooted from their positions were so before the eyes of Titus, who was their contemporary and for whom it was of interest to observe such events closely. To complete the picture, Titus did in fact become the 10th Roman emperor in 79 A.D. Thus, Titus fulfilled the symbol of the little horn while he was a Roman general, and he also fulfilled the symbol of the tenth horn upon becoming the tenth emperor (see the tenth row of Table Who the Ten Horns Were for more details).
Vespasian, Titus, and Saint John
The 4th beast of the prophecy of Daniel 7 was of such a nature that the prophet could not classify it under a known species, but called it great and terrible. Saint John, also sees, much later, a beast that he, unable to use a standard classification, named the Dragon. He noticed that this dragon had the same number of heads and horns as the 4 animals of Daniel 7 combined. But Saint John’s vision goes further. He observed 7 royal crowns on the heads of this dragon, meaning that John’s dragon is seen when 7 of the Roman emperors can already be identified. This is significant, because Saint John was a contemporary of the seventh emperor and of Titus! This means that John was not only bringing his prophecy to the world but, at the same time, he was interpreting, for future generations, the meaning and concrete fulfillment of the prophecy of Daniel 7.
Indeed, at the time of the seventh emperor, the empire had already decided to end, once and for all, the Jewish revolt that culminated in the destruction of the Temple. Otho was the seventh emperor, in the year 69 A.D., but his time ruling the empire was so meteoric, and during this time, he must have been so involved in the succession conflicts that began after the death of Emperor Nero, that no records of his actions in this matter remain.
On the other hand, Nero, the fifth Roman emperor, was the one who gave the initial order, in the year 66 A.D., to eradicate the Jewish rebels. To whom did he give this order? To the then-general Vespasian and future ninth emperor of Rome, which came to pass in July of 69 A.D. Now, who was second-in-command of the campaign against Jerusalem? You won’t believe it: Vespasian’s son, Titus, also a future emperor of Rome, the tenth. There you have the seven royal crowns seen on the heads of the dragon that tries to assassinate the Messiah at birth, that crucifies him, that destroys the temple and murders the saints imprisoned in Jerusalem, but which is expelled and defeated when the Supreme-Heavenly Empire attacks and defeats it. A more detailed description of the passage involving Saint Michael the Archangel will be given in book 2 of the Cracking the Prophetic Code Series. The main point, at this moment, is that the symbolism given by Saint John about the dragon is a formidable clarification of the symbols revealed to Daniel.
It is noteworthy that the imperial transition for a long time, but especially since the beginning of the empire, was a process surrounded by threats of usurpation, and that Titus, son of Vespasian, was the only son of an emperor who reigned after the death of his father, having himself died of natural causes. This would not happen again until none other than Constantine I, in 337.[16]
2. The Arrogance of Titus
The Jewish Revolt erupted with force in the year 66 A.D. For a long time, the rebels had been victorious over the Roman forces sent to contain them. The Jews were not just fighting for their lives and their freedom, but they were fighting for the fulfillment of a prophecy of great antiquity, according to which they, the Jews, would possess the kingdom.
Those religious rebels, in fact, had not only the hope of seeing themselves free from the Roman yoke, but principally, the prophetic hope of taking possession of the empire.[17]. It is quite probable that the Romans were aware of the Danielic prophecies. And, as much as their military superiority might have given them the certainty that the brave but still subjugated Jews would never invade the seat of the empire, it is quite likely that such a prediction seemed arrogant to their prickly belligerence.
Arrogance, on the other hand, is what one might expect to see in the spirit of a general whose father is the emperor himself, and whose mission is to destroy the Temple of the God of an enemy vassal nation. Of course, every plan conceived, every order given to his subordinates, every strategy or tactic studied and realized in the campaign to invade Jerusalem, which culminated in the complete destruction of Herod’s Temple—I repeat, of course this was an insult to the Most High and a heartache and a trial in the hearts of the Jewish people.

Judgment in Favor of the Saints
Indeed, Titus waged war against the saints and prevailed against them! He besieged, invaded, and razed Jerusalem. He set fire to the temple and forced the defeated captives themselves to remove the stones that remained standing from the burned walls and lay them on the ground.
The effects of his victory lasted until the year 313 A.D., the year in which Titus’s successor in command of the empire that once persecuted Christians, converted, himself, into a Christian. The effects of the divine sentence that was given at the end of the judgment, which began after the destruction of the temple, did not stop there. In 380 A.D., Christianity became the official religion of the empire and, finally, in 476 A.D., the ancient seat of the empire itself, Rome—source and symbol of so much sorrow, first for the Jews and then for the Christians—fell into barbarian hands, like a stone thrown into the sea that is never found again.
When God judged the acts of the little horn—Titus—He delivered the empire into the hands of His people, the Christians, who in this way inherited the Spiritual Good that the Jews had brought forth into this world, but which, in their then-disastrous historical outcome, they despised.
It is a widely-known fact that after the emperor himself, Constantine I, had become a Christian, the Church on Earth experienced, for a time, a period of such temporal apogee that there is no denying the full meaning of the figure of speech according to which the living saints would enter into possession of the empire.
The Attempt to Alter the Times and the Law
Of course, a prophecy that permeates a people’s culture and constantly fuels dangerous aspirations of possessing all the governments of the world can become a source of equally constant bloody conflicts. There is no reason to doubt that this was a weighty concern in the minds of the invading Roman authorities, responsible for the security and public peace of the region they had subjugated and whose dominion was constantly threatened.
After repeated and failed hopes of establishing peace, the destruction of the temple and the city was so complete that it is not difficult to imagine that the Romans wanted to alter the state of the Jewish people in such a way as to extinguish the hope of the fulfillment of any prophecy of future restoration. It is curious to note that even this had been prophesied, for the little horn would not only be arrogant, insult God, and grieve the saints, but would also attempt to alter the times and the law.
This was indeed the spirit that led one of Titus’s successors to found a new city, Aelia Capitolina, upon the hitherto sacred ground of Jerusalem. In 135 A.D., the last Jewish revolt was bitterly crushed, and the Jews were banished from the territory and forbidden to return.[19]
This characteristic of the empire is striking and could be observed long before Titus. The attempt to intervene in the known design of God and, if possible, alter the times and the law—that is, to change or suppress present events so as to determine future events different from those foreseen by the Law and the Prophets—could already be observed before the birth of Christ. The empire of the time when Jesus was born would come to be portrayed, much later, as an infanticidal dragon. And, in fact, it was a high representative of the empire in Judea who ordered the killing of the newborns, two years old and under[20], in order to prevent a God-King from coming into the world according to prophetic prediction.
3. The Judgment Session
Up to verse 8, the prophecy of chapter 7 had been symbolically describing events that can be recognized in human history. But suddenly, it leaps to another plane and briefly describes certain events that would occur on this other plane and that would be linked in a special way to events in earthly history.
From a modern human point of view, it might seem superfluous to try to describe events that supposedly took place more or less two thousand years ago and did not occur on Earth. But Providence wished to give knowledge to the prophet, and to us, about the occurrence of a judgment session presided over by the Ancient of Days, during which a Son of Man was brought into His Presence. We know for certain that this symbolic narrative refers to events that happened on that plane after the Ascension of Our Lord to Heaven, following His Resurrection.
We know this because the same event was narrated again by Saint John in chapters 4 and 5 of Revelation, once again clarifying the meaning of the prophecy of Daniel 7 and adding other valuable information to that already contained in Daniel. According to Saint John, between the death of Christ and some unknown moment after His ascension to heaven, there was no one who could take possession of and know the book of the world’s destiny. John recounts that he wept bitterly in this vision because of this. But suddenly, he sees the figure of a Lamb that had been slain, and yet was more alive than ever and, as the Person represented by this Lamb Himself put it, is "alive for ever and ever."[21] This Lamb takes the book that was in the right hand of Him who was seated on the Divine Throne and, after this, receives universal adoration.
In both passages, God is seated on His throne and a Son of Man approaches Him. Both speak of the superiority of this Son of Man. Both refer to the merit of His Highest Distinction, which makes Him worthy of honor and praise. Both refer, in one way or another, to the universal, eternal, and indestructible dominion of His empire. Both narrate this majestic event as taking place in Heaven.
Let us also notice their timelines. Both agree that such an event would happen after the Ascension of Our Lord to Heaven. In Daniel, the judgment session takes place after the little horn wages war and prevails against the saints—that is, after the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple, which, as is known, happened after the ascension of Jesus to Heaven. In Revelation, clearly, the appearance in heaven of the slain Lamb is the appearance of the Offering for sin, which could only have happened after the Ascension, which in turn happened after the death and resurrection of Our Lord.
The temple was destroyed in the year 70 A.D.; therefore, this session that judges this destruction must have happened after this moment in time. But it must have happened before 313 A.D., because the conversion of Constantine the Great to Christianity signified the conversion of the empire to Christ and marks the moment when the saints begin to possess the kingdom. We have already seen that this was the sentence in favor of the saints that resulted from that judgment. Thus, the vision seen by Saint John refers to this event that occurred between the years 70 and 313 A.D. Furthermore, the final writing and composition of Revelation has been dated from around the year 70 to about 95 A.D.[22]. This fact alone would place this judgment within the period we have just mentioned.
4. The Saints
The saints of the Most High will receive the kingdom and will possess it forever! The more attentive reader might ask: how could it be forever if we are in the year 2024, the nations of the world are largely given over to nominally democratic republics, whose hidden or discreet leaders spend fabulous sums of money for their political agents to perform publicity stunts in the media circus ring, trying to display a mere public appearance of honesty and decency that, deep down, everyone feels and knows to be the most refined stage performance in the grandest, most dangerous, and deadly circus show. None of those leaders or their agents are even remotely interested in so much as appearing to be saints.
Daniel speaks of the saints in the prophecy of chapter 7, without giving any hint that he knew the people to whom he was referring would be a mix of Jews and Gentiles, whose destiny was to completely detach from the religious tradition to which he, Daniel, belonged and for which he was willing to defy the will of kings, be burned alive, be devoured by lions, and, in truth, be willing to face any other fate, no matter how dire, as long as he was not disloyal to God and his religion. The Church that Our Lord said He would build, and which we indeed see today, two thousand years later, in all corners of the globe, had very difficult, even fatal, beginnings—deadly for anyone who joined and professed it during the nearly 300 years from the scourging and death of Our Lord at the hands of the imperial authorities in Jerusalem, through the destruction of Jerusalem and the sanctuary, until the conversion of the emperor and the Christianization of the empire.
We do not know if the pious prophet Daniel knew this or not, but Saint John gives us a clarifying comparison of magnitudes when, in chapter 7 of Revelation, he reveals to us that the group of people who are, since that time and forever, before the throne of God, and who came out of the Great Tribulation—whose end can be dated to the conversion of Emperor Constantine in 313 A.D.—was composed of 144,000 Jews, 12,000 from each tribe, which is a large number of people, no doubt, but still incomparable to the innumerable multitude of people from other nations, tribes, peoples, and tongues—the Gentiles who had converted to Christianity and who gave their lives for the truth they had come to know, namely, that a Son of Man had resurrected and was on his throne, at the right hand of God, to Whom that countless multitude preferred to go rather than follow that monstrous animal that Saint John characterized as the Dragon, which had not only killed the Son of Man who went to meet the Ancient of Days, but which now also sent to eternity all those who, in the words of Saint John, refused to follow the Beast.
The prophecy of Daniel predicted that these saints would be attacked and overcome for a time, and the nearly 300 years must have seemed like an eternity for the Christians who lived through those bloody times. Saint John agrees with Daniel when he presents the already deceased saints from that time—by virtue of having proclaimed the Word of God, that is, for having borne witness—asking with vehemence how much longer they would have to wait before the peoples were judged for their deaths. They were told to wait, was the reply, because the time of that Terrible Persecution was not yet complete and other Christians would still pass through the same martyrdom.
At the end of that terrible period, Daniel informs us that the monstrous animal—the Roman Empire—would be judged, stripped of its dominion, and completely destroyed.[23] About this, Saint John foresaw, in his time, very interesting events related to the loss of that animal’s dominion, exposing many other details that had not been given by Daniel almost 500 years earlier.
Christians were largely persecuted by the Empire, but before that, they were persecuted by the richest and most powerful Jewish leaders of Judea, the native elite of the Jewish people: the priestly caste and the Herodians, the political caste. The story of the conversion of Saint Paul is, perhaps, the most notable emblem of this period. At the sixth seal, the great and powerful are terrified and affirm that the great day has come. This text might give people of our time the impression that it is speaking of the day of the Second Coming of Christ, when, in truth, the event that instills fear in them is another, much earlier than the day of the Second Coming. Christians had been persecuted, imprisoned, and killed by the Jewish authorities, arch-enemies of the proclaimed Messiah, whom they should have been awaiting and have received with royal honors, but whom, on the contrary, they had crucified. When the Roman legions invade the Holy Land, destroy Jerusalem, and turn the temple into ruins in approximately three and a half years, the entire physical power base of that elite is dismantled. Saint John will refer to this as "the hidden plan of God." The Jewish elite believed, for a time, that they had executed the most audacious plan in all of History: to usurp the throne of their own God-King. They paid more dearly than they could have ever imagined! And they still pay! It is for this reason that at the sixth seal, the great, the rich, the powerful, say that the great day of Him who sits on the throne has come and ask that dreadful question: "who can stand?" Thus, this seal brings detailed explanations not only about the judgment of the monstrous animal of the prophecy of Daniel 7, but about a sea of factual minutiae that had to do with the high treason that the authorities of Daniel’s people would carry out against the Son of Man whom the prophet had so gratefully foreseen in his prophecy. The next volumes in this series have much more to say about this.
Indeed, Daniel and Saint John agree on the eternal destiny of the saints, taking part in the eternal government of Our Lord, the Son of Man, for Daniel tells us that the saints of the Most High will receive the kingdom and will possess it forever after being persecuted and overcome; and, Saint John sees them standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes. Day and night they serve him in his temple. These saints had been the object of the song of those 28 enigmatic and marvelous individuals who, in chorus, said to the Lamb: you purchased for God persons from every tribe and language and people and nation. You have made them to be a kingdom and priests to serve our God, and they will reign on the earth.
The Christians who lived in those first decades not only could see the growing animosity and violence directed at them, but they had also been warned about the need to stand firm against the attacks they would have to suffer, from all sides, with increasing intensity. We have a sample of this warning in the messages that Saint John sent to the seven messianic communities, which were recorded in the book of Revelation. In the letters, Saint John mentions or alludes to sufferings, persecutions, insults, imprisonments, death, hardships, deceptions, and trials that would occur during that period, which the same apostle and prophet later referred to as the Great Tribulation. Each of the letters directly mentions the happy destiny of those who overcame the adversities of that persecution, carried out first by the Jews and then by the official organs of the Empire, which definitively ended in 313 A.D. In chapter 7, Saint John portrays the saints from the seven Asian communities, gathered with those from all the other Christian communities in the world at the time, who had overcome those long years of tribulation, already in heaven, attributing their costly and rewarding victory to their God and to the Lamb.[24]
I will not extend myself much further, as I do not wish to delve deep into Revelation at this moment. That will have to be done in the upcoming volumes. I just want to emphasize that the people presented by John as living, suffering, and dying, only to then reign eternally with Christ, are only half of the solution to the problem contained in the prophecy of Daniel 7. There have always been, there certainly are, and there will always be living saints on Earth, most of whom, as we have already said, live discreet or anonymous lives, but who willingly open the interior of their beings to the sanctifying, gracious influence of the Heavens and thus quietly instill the Spirit of Christ into a gesture, an action, a word, a symbol, or a miracle. This is the other half! This other half, like the first, would never despise the communion and the intrinsic bond with the Church that Our Lord Himself said He would build. The lives of those Christians of the Great Tribulation were lost on Earth and gained in Heaven because of this communion and this bond.
No one is ignorant of the scale of power that exists in the human sphere. This scale of power can be very unequal and, for that very reason, be compared to the height of the Earth to Heaven. Human power can be almost null, in the most humble slave, and it can be almost immeasurable in a president, dictator, king, or in people occupying other, much more discreet positions or offices. Until 313 A.D., the peak of this scale in the vast Roman domains was the emperor who, from the heaven of his power, imposed the cult of pagan deities and the cult of himself, and in this way, spread throughout the empire that spiritual filth that Saint John revealed to us as being the dragon, the ancient serpent, who is called the devil and satan. At some point during that year, that filth was expelled from heaven in a powerful celestial counter-attack, about which we will have much more to say in the next volume. For now, I only wish to point out that the living Christians on Earth truly took possession of the most powerful kingdom in the world at the time, by means of that imperial conversion which, in this indirect way, also conferred this possession upon the saints.
The life of the saints, this same biological life that we all experience, ends. But by no means do they cease to exist; in fact, they continue to exist in conditions whose revelatory description is that of eternal beatitude. This is Saint John’s point of view in clarifying the meaning of the eternal possession of the kingdom by the saints, which we find in Daniel’s prophecy. The possession is, indeed, perennial, but the condition of existence changes. But it changes in a way that, when known, further enhances the truth of Daniel’s statement that the saints would possess the kingdom forever, since, on one hand, the holiness that has a precarious beginning and development and may come to a premature end while contingent upon time, ends up being confirmed, made perennial, and rewarded at the end of biological life and only after this end—this is the crucial point. On the other hand, perennial possession can only happen where eternal existence awaits the arrival of those who have acquired perennial life and to where Our Lord was pointing when He said that His Kingdom was not of this world but that it ruled over this one. This was exactly what the prophet Saint John affirmed in the opening[25] of his most famous book, curiously, at a time when to be a Christian was to magnetize persecution and a high risk of death, and when he himself was detained on the Island of Patmos.
5. A Time, Times, Half a Time, and Other Seasons
Verse 25 of chapter 7 tells us that Titus, the little horn, would have the saints in his hands for "a time, two times, and half a time." Counting each "time" as a year, we would have 3 and a half years or 42 months or, yet, 1260 days. This way of counting the "times" was not just suggested, but revealed by Saint John in Revelation 11 and 12.
It is nothing less than impressive that this period of three and a half years, in which the little horn would act against the saints or have them delivered into his hands, lends itself to a surprising historical confirmation.
Nero gives the order to crush the Jewish Revolt in 66 A.D. to Vespasian, and the latter, on this same occasion, orders his son, Titus, to depart from Achaea in Greece for Alexandria in Egypt, and from there to take the Tenth and Fifth Legions with him to Judea.[26] It was with this charge that Nero passed into the hands of Vespasian and, principally, of his son, Titus, the little horn, the entire region of Judea, where the saints mentioned in the prophecy of Daniel 7 were located, and which they were to pacify through military maneuvers.
Vespasian arrives in Israel, in the port city of Ptolemais, in April of 67, and Titus, his son, arrives shortly after in the same year, both accompanied by the powerful battle legions that would finally defeat the rebels who, until then, had overcome all forces sent to crush them.[27] In mid-69, Vespasian is proclaimed emperor, after which he proceeds to Rome to take over the empire, leaving Titus with the charge of victoriously concluding the war against the Jews[28], which meant besieging Jerusalem, ending the revolt, and reassuming control of the city, as if they themselves had read the prophecy of the little horn and were trying to fulfill it.
In September of 70 A.D., the major military conflicts were over, the city was taken, and the temple was burned and razed. In the months that followed the capture of the city, many measures supposedly had to be taken. The positioning of troops or forces to ensure order, the appointment of new local leaders favorable to the Romans, the judgment of prisoners, the maintenance of a military presence, but, principally, the complete demolition of the walls of the once-glorious temple of Jerusalem. In fact, Titus departs, without his troops, for Rome in the summer of the year 71[28], thus giving sufficient, though tight, time for the accommodation of the three and a half times.

Without Dominion, But Alive
In the Roman Empire, the conquered peoples mostly maintained their identity as a people, although they were subjugated by a foreign dominator to whom they paid tribute and owed obedience. This distinction between peoples was also maintained as an emblem of victory and superiority over the conquered people.
There is a prediction in verse 12 that the first three animals would not end up burned like the fourth, but that, on the contrary, they would remain alive for a very short time. This, in fact, happened with the other three animals (the lion, the bear, and the leopard), for the simple fact of being free from the dominion of the 4th animal (due to the latter now being dead).
Three and a half times are, as we have seen, three and a half years. Thus, that interstice of a time and a season is equivalent to one year and three months, which historically is, in fact, nothing. The reader should note that Saint John faced, in his time, this same problem of the survival of the other three animals and exposed it in the symbol of the beast that rose from the sea, about which we will speak much more in the next volume.
How could those three previous empires have survived, must have been the question of the prophet who was a contemporary of the empire represented by the fourth animal of Daniel. For Daniel, this symbol did not carry this problematic weight for the simple reason that its fulfillment was still a long time ahead of him.
But Saint John, living in the time of the Romans, knew that the three empires were no longer empires in the proper sense. His solution was to propose the symbol of the first beast of chapter 13 of Revelation, in which the bodies of the old empires survived by being grafted onto the body of a chimera! The solution was perfect, indeed, because he saw it in the very Jewish reality within which he lived: a vassal people who only maintained their identity insofar as they submitted to being part of the much larger organism that had swallowed them.
Also, after the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D., the territories of the older empires (lion, leopard, and bear) never re-established themselves. Whatever the dominating forces from this time onwards, they had nothing to do with those that had been conquered in the event of the fall of each of those ancient empires.
6. Conclusion
From the point where we stand in History, the events indicated by the prophecy of the ten horns are far back in the past. It has been approximately two thousand years since the tenth horn and approximately 1700 years since the saints began to take possession of the kingdom. From 313 to 380 A.D., the empire was Christianized, from the poorest Christian subject to its highest official representative, the emperor in person.
In 476 A.D., the Western Roman Empire falls, after the seat of the empire was invaded and dominated by Germanic barbarians. It is obvious that this event is referred to in the prediction that the body of the fourth animal would be destroyed and given to the burning flame, verse 11.
From our advanced point in time, we know what happened in that period through countless historical documents, some of which have been indicated in this book. Although the prophecy of chapter 7 does not mention the word "temple," today we know how Titus insulted the Most High and what his arrogance signified; we know when the war he waged against the saints began and ended, how he tried to alter the times and the law of the Jews. We know that the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple was the greatest sorrow a Jewish heart could suffer.
All these clarifications derive from the simple, direct, and luminous understanding that the ten horns are the first ten Roman emperors. It is this initial assumption that generates the entire scintillating treasure of point-to-point connections between the elements of the prophecy and known historical facts. It is all the more scintillating when one realizes that these historical events, far from being isolated points, are an exceedingly long sequence of facts, chronologically ordered according to the chronology indicated in the prophecy, which began in 27 B.C. and only end with the burning of the body of the animal in 476 A.D., making a total of more than 500 years.
The reader may already know that this author was able to provide a mathematical proof for this book’s premise, namely, that the 10 horns of Daniel’s prophecy are the 10 Roman emperors. The proof ended up being very long, and for this reason, it was given its own space in a separate book under the title "The Proof That the 10 Horns of Daniel’s Prophecy Are the First 10 Roman Emperors". In this way, the various properly mathematical details could be well developed.
A Critique of the Critique
But, as much as the mathematical approach is the one most preferred by this author, it must be said that there are extremely important and complicated problems, related, for example, to the authenticity or validity of the documents in which the symbols reach us, which depend entirely on good old intellectual capacity, equipped with radical sincerity, nourished with pertinent data and information from all types and fields of knowledge, confident in Him who proposed the symbols in the first place, and patient, because parallel research, such as historical or archaeological, for example, have not finished making their contributions and, in fact, are undergoing revolutions—not only those fabricated by the most obliging, advanced, and, in the end, sterilizing methodistic criticism, based as it is on presuppositions of theoretic hygiene, but mainly in the advances of all areas of knowledge about concrete reality.
Faith comes by hearing the Word of God. What is not the word of God can transmit faith or doubt. When the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on the earth? Not even two thousand years have passed since this question was asked, and it is possible to find formidable attacks on faith that stand out for their skill in camouflage and infiltration. The Body of Christ is, in a way, like its sudarium: mysteriously well-preserved, although to a small extent it has suffered, over the centuries, stitches and patches that have grafted strange fabrics onto it, not marked by the Divine Image, and which sometimes cause perplexity, doubt, and frustration that are directed at the entire shroud.
I wish I could launch a counter-attack, however late and probably ineffective, against certain Goliath-like lineages of scholars through which the dragon has served its strange, velvety fire, and warmed the doubt and disbelief in the hearts of many who approach the Word of God. This warm infernal heat can be sweetly transformed into action by reading the, without a shadow of a doubt, sophisticated opinions found, for example, in the otherwise stimulating introductory pages to the prophetic books of the Jerusalem Bible in its smaller format, notably on page 1348 of the 5th printing of the New, Revised Edition, in Portuguese. There, it is possible to find the opinion, according to which, "The book of Daniel no longer represents the true prophetic current…," among other more serious nonsense, throwing Daniel, once again, into the lions' den.
Here, discernment, patience, and perseverance are needed. When I use the figure of speech of a "counter-attack," I am referring to real intellectual and spiritual readiness, which is on standby to distinguish the wheat from the tares without wanting to pull up the tares prematurely. I believe I do not need to explain to any Christian the model given in the Revealed Life of Our Lord, in which we see a known traitor play his role until the very last moments. This means: let these camouflaged enemies speak, who believe their presence, within cassocks or in academic chairs, goes unnoticed by anyone else. Discernment, patience, and perseverance are needed until the days of the loosing, of the Magogian enlistment, and of the evil fury that extinguishes itself in fire are completed.
If there is truth in this present work and in the small book "The Mathematical Proof That the Ten Horns of Daniel’s Prophecy Are the Ten First Roman Emperors," published before this one, then the book of Daniel does represent the true biblical prophetic current. I will list below just a few predictions from the prophecy of chapter 7 whose fulfillment can be immediately translated into widely-known historical facts:
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Daniel predicted with perfect correctness the occurrence of the first 10 emperors.
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He predicted that Titus would be a little horn when he warred against the saints, and indeed, he was just a general in the service of his father and of Emperor Nero.
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He predicted that Titus would fight the saints and overcome them, which was fulfilled with the invasion of Judea, the siege of Jerusalem, its destruction, and the destruction and burning of the temple.
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He predicted, with impressive accuracy, the period of 1260 days, or 3 and a half years, in the symbol of the 3 and a half times, in which the saints would be delivered into the hands of the little horn, which is, in fact, confirmed in the time that elapses between April 67 A.D. and September 70 A.D., the interval in which Vespasian and Titus invade Judea, besiege Jerusalem until its fall, burn the sanctuary, and shortly after, raze its walls, and in this process, oppress and kill a good portion of the city’s people, among whom also lived the saints mentioned in the prophecy.
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He predicted that Titus would see three of the first horns be uprooted, which indeed happened with Galba, Otho, and Vitellius, who, without having time to root themselves in power, were in fact torn out by the roots, ceding the soft soil of the empire to the roots of the Vespasian dynasty, whose first fruit was none other than Titus himself.
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He predicted that the animal would be judged and condemned, which began to be fulfilled with the conversion of the emperor, the Christianization of the empire, and the complete purification of the highest imperial office from that spiritual filth that spread from the ancient, official, and thenceforth defeated pagan religion of the empire.
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He predicted that the saints would possess the kingdom, which indeed happened, for from now on, that highest and most important office would be held only by men who in official adherence, in form, in office, and in devotion would belong only to that religion whose saints had been persecuted and killed for about 300 years, but who now reign with Christ and with the living who, for this exact reason, physically hold, on this side of reality, the possession of the most powerful empire in the world.
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He predicted that the animal would be killed and its body destroyed, which came to happen with the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire in 476 A.D., when the barbarian Odoacer takes the territory where the ancient seat of the empire was located, which had been the source and symbol of persecution and death for the saints of the prophecy.
All these facts are completely and detailedly exposed and treated in the chapters of this book.
Those scholars were full of fervor for the glory of their philological science, and for this reason, they strayed from the truth that simply leaps to the eyes of one who couldn’t care less for any glory other than that of Our Lord and Savior, who is, in fact, and not just by figurative self-attribution, the Son of Man, see Appendix Son of Man.
Those scholars erred so disastrously that they conclude that the composition of the book of Daniel must have happened around the year 167 B.C., and they did not realize that the first Roman emperor would only appear about 140 years or more later, a fact that, by the way, was available to their erudition. Now, if a prophecy is given 140 years in advance and is correct in every single predicted detail—details which unfold over a period of more than 500 years—is the conclusion to be drawn really that the book of this prophet "no longer represents the true prophetic current"?
This author’s opinion is, on the contrary, the following: the prophecy of Daniel is the heavy caliber in the formidable arsenal of biblical prophecy!
For all the above, it will be necessary for people with broader and more varied instruction, sincere and not committed to conducting internal revolutions—prolonged as if Gog and Magog had all the time in the world—more than with love for the Word of God and for the Spirit of Truth that diffuses from it, to bend down once more over the colossal deposit of pertinent data and information accumulated so far, without the fatal idolatry of the scientific instruments of analysis, because of which those scholars erred. It is necessary to try to correct the erroneous expression of what is understood by many as the official opinion of the Church, or of what passes for it, on the prophecy of Daniel, because it is not possible that the teaching of the Church of Christ be, at the same time, the stumbling block that causes many who approach it with trust to fall away.
Chronological Summary
Year or Period | Event | Symbol | Verses |
---|---|---|---|
626 B.C. to 539 B.C. |
Babylonian Empire. |
Lion with eagle’s wings |
4 |
539 B.C. to 330 B.C. |
Medo-Persian Empire. |
Bear |
5 |
330 B.C. |
Greco-Hellenic-Hellenistic Empire. |
Leopard with four wings and four heads |
6 |
27 B.C. to 476 A.D. |
Roman Empire. |
Monstrous animal |
7, 11, 19, 23 |
27 B.C. to 14 A.D. |
Emperor Augustus. |
1st horn |
7 |
14 A.D. to 37 A.D. |
Emperor Tiberius. |
2nd horn |
7 |
37 A.D. to 41 A.D. |
Emperor Caligula. |
3rd horn |
7 |
41 A.D. to 54 A.D. |
Emperor Claudius. |
4th horn |
7 |
54 A.D. to 68 A.D. |
Emperor Nero. |
5th horn |
7 |
A few years before 66 A.D. |
Titus becomes a general before 66 A.D. because in that year he is already leading the XV Legion. Galba only becomes emperor in 68. If Titus had not become a general before Galba was dethroned, he would not fulfill the condition of the little horn "seeing" three horns being uprooted. |
Little Horn arises among the others |
8, 24 |
66 A.D. |
Nero is head of the empire and gives the order to Vespasian to end the Jewish Revolt. |
to devour the whole earth (the land of Israel), trample it and crush it |
7, 23 |
67 A.D. to 70 A.D. |
Vespasian and Titus land in Ptolemais, modern-day Acre, in Israel, in 67, and Titus completes the siege and destruction of the city and the sanctuary in the year 70. This period accommodates the 3 and a half times (or years). |
Arrogance of the little horn, oppression and violence against the saints, blasphemies. |
11, 20, 21, 24, 25 |
68 A.D. to 69 A.D. |
Emperor Galba. |
6th horn |
7 |
69 A.D. |
Emperor Otho. |
7th horn |
7 |
69 A.D. |
Emperor Vitellius. |
8th horn |
7 |
70 A.D. |
End of the siege and the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple. This fact, as understood by the Jews of that time and probably also the Romans, had the potential to alter the prophetic prediction according to which the saints (the Jews) would enter into possession of the kingdoms of the entire world. The destruction of the holy city and the city’s most sacred site would be the final blow and the sign of the superiority of the Romans and their deities over the Jews and their God. This fact may have been seen or understood, among the Romans, as the victorious attempt to alter the prophetic times fixed by the laws of the deities upon the Jewish people. |
It will try to alter the times and the law. |
25 |
69 A.D. to 79 A.D. |
Emperor Vespasian. |
9th horn |
7 |
79 A.D. to 81 A.D. |
Emperor Titus. |
10th horn |
8, 11, 20 |
Between 70 A.D. and 313 A.D. |
After the draconian and iniquitous destruction of the sanctuary in the year 70, the judgment session took place, during which a Son of Man approaches the Ancient of Days, judges the monstrous animal, and sentences in favor of the saints. The result of this celestial judgment, in History, was the conversion not only of the emperor but of the entire empire to Christianity and the end of the persecutions against the Church. |
Ancient of Days, Thrones, Judgment, Son of Man, judgment in favor of the saints, the animal is stripped of its dominion, the saints take possession of the kingdom. |
9, 10, 13, 14, 26 |
70 A.D. |
After the destruction of Jerusalem, Our Lord already reigns, seated on the throne of the Most High, and awaits for His enemies to be completely submitted to Him, which occurs in 476 A.D. Not only the powers constituted in the spiritual stratum of reality, but the kingdoms of the entire world are submitted to Him. This point will become crystal clear starting from the 2nd volume of this series, in which the explanations of St. John will reveal the historical details that were not explicitly grasped in the prophecy of Daniel. |
The Son of Man reigns eternally. The saints have dominion over the earth. |
14, 22, 27 |
Between 380 A.D. and 476 A.D. |
While Christianity flourished and thrived, the empire weakened and withered. This process of inverse mirroring continued until the end of the empire’s process of collapse in 476 A.D., the year it is definitively invaded by barbarians. Before this, the religion of Christ becomes the official religion of the Empire. |
The animal had its body burned and destroyed until its end. |
9, 10, 13, 14 |
476 A.D. |
The fall of the empire is the moment when the 4th animal is killed. From then on, a very short period of a season and a time begins. The other empires, represented by the other three animals (lion, bear, and leopard), never live again. |
Prolongation of life, but without authority for a season and a time. |
11, 12 |
Appendix A: Son of Man
The expression "son of man" refers to a person born of a woman, the son of a man and a woman.
In the Bible, it is used to distinguish common men from celestial beings, except in the book of Daniel, where it was used in a context inundated with the distinction and dignity of a Most High Being, who would be born of a woman—a most singular fact that, apparently, Daniel himself was unaware of—and who, for this reason, was represented in the vision given to the prophet as a Son of Man.
We know who this Son of Man is because Our Lord identified Himself as such.
Apparently, the subject related to this Son of Man, his role in Jewish society, and his destiny was in vogue at that time. In the Gospels and Acts alone, the expression occurs 83 times, used either by Christ Himself, by the apostles, or by other people.
Although Daniel saw him approaching the Ancient of Days, there may have been doubts as to where he came from before this approach—from Earth, from another place in Heaven?—or his form of existence—in a physical body, like humans?—and where he would go and what he would do after the encounter with the Ancient One. This last part could have been better known, as the prophecy in which Daniel presents him continues with the grandiose scene of the monstrous animal and its judgment. However, Saint John relates that, at a certain moment, people from a crowd to whom Jesus was speaking about the destiny of the Son of Man questioned him with the following: "We have heard from the Law that the Messiah will remain forever, so how can you say, ‘The Son of Man must be lifted up’? Who is this ‘Son of Man’?"
Nowadays, there have been 20 centuries of conviction and clarity that Our Lord was the Son of Man. This helps us to date the time of the fulfillment of the prophecy of Daniel 7 and to discover who the ten horns of that prophecy are. Daniel sees the Son of Man approaching the Ancient of Days, and today we know that this happened after He was killed. Of course, before being born of Mary, He was not yet a son of man, although He has always been the Divinity whose fullness dwelt bodily in Jesus of Nazareth, as Saint Paul explains.
Only after having become a son of man and having died as a son of man did he ascend to Heaven and appear before that Ancient One, and He continued there with the tasks of the judgment that followed, where He remains until He comes here again.
Below is a non-exhaustive list, in chronological order, of what the Gospels and Acts say about the Son of Man and how it fits with Daniel’s vision of Him.
Events and Information in Chronological Order in Some Books of the New Testament
Gospel of Saint Matthew and in Acts
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…he asked his disciples, “Who do people say the Son of Man is?” […] They replied, “Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.” “But what about you?” he asked. “Who do you say I am?” Simon Peter answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.” Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by my Father in heaven. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church […] I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.” Matt. 16:13-19
Two thousand years later, saying that the Son of Man is the Messiah may seem superfluous or commonplace, but in the time of Christ, a time when the ancient predictions were coming to pass before contemporary eyes, not everyone understood what they were seeing: there were doubts! The Son of Man who, a little later, would be in the presence of the Ancient of Days, pointed to Peter as the foundational stone of the Church He would found. He said He would found it, He founded it, it has continued for more than two thousand years, and today—it is undeniable—we see it everywhere.
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“We are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered over to the chief priests and the teachers of the law. They will condemn him to death and will hand him over to the Gentiles to be mocked and flogged and crucified. On the third day he will be raised to life!” …the Son of Man… came to give his life as a ransom for many. Matt. 20:18,28
Nowadays, it may seem natural that, to go to Heaven and appear before the Ancient of Days, it was necessary, even for Our Lord, to first die. But for the disciples at that time, before they understood the objective and destiny of the Son of Man, seeing their Master die was unthinkable.
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For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. Matt. 12:40
The death of Christ is not directly mentioned in Daniel’s vision. But it is understood that the Human Being, Jesus of Nazareth, had to die before meeting, in Heaven, in his physical body, with the Ancient of Days.
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…When you are persecuted in one place, flee to another. Truly I tell you, you will not finish going through the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes. Matt. 10:23
An allusion to the approach of the Son of Man to the Ancient of Days. The escape from the persecution that erupted against the first Christians, immediately after the death of Our Lord, and which was carried out by the Jews themselves, must indeed have taken the form of fleeing from one city to another. The meeting with the Ancient of Days would naturally happen as soon as Our Lord ascended to Heaven. The first persecutions, however, lasted for years.
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But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, looked up to heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. “Look,” he said, “I see heaven open and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God.” Acts 7:55-56
The scene of the encounter described in Daniel 7 is exactly what Stephen is reported to have seen at the moment of his death in 34 A.D.
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“Truly I tell you, some who are standing here will not taste death before they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom.” Matt. 16:28
The guarantee given by Christ was exactly what happened to Stephen, who moments before death sees the Son of Man, after that legendary approach, beside and at the right hand of the Ancient One.
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The Son of Man will send out his angels, and they will weed out of his kingdom everything that causes sin and all who do evil. Matt. 13:41
The Kingdom of God is greater than the kingdoms of the world. Specifically, the Kingdom of God was greater than the kingdom of Judea, its princes, chiefs, and priests, who rejected Christ. These were removed from the Kingdom. The Christians—heirs of the Spiritual Goods previously possessed by the Jews—came to be present in all parts of the world. It is impossible to deny that the physical seat of the Kingdom passed to the capital of the empire that dominated Judea in the time of Christ.
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…at the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. Matt. 19:28
The apostles would occupy 12 thrones when the Son of Man occupied His. This was also depicted in Revelation 4, where Saint John sees 24 thrones around the throne of the Someone. The other 12 are those of the 12 patriarchs. Thus, these 24 thrones would only be completely occupied after the death of the last apostle, which only happened upon the death of the very apostle who had this vision: Saint John.
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For the Son of Man is going to come in his Father’s glory with his angels, and then he will reward each person according to what they have done. Matt. 16:27
The Advent of Christ is ostensive and before the eyes of all. The Advent inaugurated the Kingdom of Christ which, after His Death and Resurrection, judged Israel and the surrounding and influential nations in the Holy Land of that time. Daniel’s vision of the approach of the Son of Man to the Ancient of Days is the origin of this mention by Our Lord.
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For as lightning that comes from the east is visible even in the west, so will be the coming of the Son of Man… Then will appear the sign of the Son of Man in heaven. And then all the peoples of the earth will mourn when they see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven, with power and great glory… As it was in the days of Noah, so it will be at the coming of the Son of Man… they knew nothing about what would happen until the flood came and took them all away. That is how it will be at the coming of the Son of Man… So you also must be ready, because the Son of Man will come at an hour when you do not expect him. Matt. 24:27,30,37,39,44
Very clear indications of the Second Advent.
Gospel of Saint Mark
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…the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests and the teachers of the law, and that he must be killed and after three days rise again. Mark 8:31
At the time, the death of the Son of Man may have been an unexpected novelty. Every Jew expected the Messiah to deliver them from Roman dominion and put them in possession of the kingdoms of the world. Contrary to this dominant opinion, the Son of Man had to pass through death, like other sons of men, before meeting with the Divine Ancient One.
-
As they were coming down the mountain, Jesus gave them orders not to tell anyone what they had seen until the Son of Man had risen from the dead. Mark 9:9
To meet with the Divine Ancient One, one must be alive. Hence, the resurrection from the dead, in which the spirit reanimates the body and ascends to the divine throne.
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…the Son of Man must suffer much and be rejected with contempt… The Son of Man is going to be delivered into the hands of men. They will kill him, and after three days he will rise… the Son of Man will be delivered over to the chief priests and the teachers of the law. They will condemn him to death and will hand him over to the Gentiles… Look, the Son of Man is delivered into the hands of sinners. Mark 9:12,31; 10:33; 14:41
The necessity of the suffering and death of the Son of Man is a prominent point in Christ’s teaching. The encounter with the Ancient of Days in heaven depended on passing through death, but—and this is the important point—in such a way as to have the right to repossess his body.
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…they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory. Mark 13:26
The Advent of Christ is ostensive and before the eyes of all. Daniel’s vision had been given some 500 years before Christ, and its prediction was exceedingly advanced: the visit of a Son of Man so distinguished from others as to be able to approach the divine throne.
-
…you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven. Mark 14:62
Stephen had this vision! All who die united with Christ have this vision. Any person not dead can not only foresee the same but also be in contact with Him there where His Body rests, enveloped in regal reverence. "And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age."
Gospel of Saint Luke
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…The Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests and the teachers of the law, and he must be killed and on the third day be raised to life… The Son of Man is going to be delivered into the hands of men… everything that is written by the prophets about the Son of Man will be fulfilled. Luke 9:22,44; 18:31
The suffering and death of the Son of Man at the hands of the Jewish religious hierarchy was the ultimate sign of the rejection of the Sent Messiah, whom this same hierarchy should have been awaiting, receiving, and submitting to. Five hundred years earlier, approximately, Daniel’s prophecy already indicated that this unfortunate destiny of Judaism was sealed.
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The time is coming when you will long to see one of the days of the Son of Man, but you will not see it. Luke 17:22
The bittersweet longing of every Christian heart that has lived after the death of the last eyewitness is to see Him in His Glorious Body.
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Whoever is ashamed of me and my words, the Son of Man will be ashamed of them when he comes in his glory and in the glory of the Father and of the holy angels. Luke 9:26
The 1st and 2nd advents are "fused but not confused" in the words and life of the Son of Man, who during his first coming already announced the second coming with his angels.
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For the Son of Man in his day will be like the lightning, which flashes and lights up the sky from one end to the other… they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory… Be always on the watch, and pray that you may be able to escape all that is about to happen, and that you may be able to stand before the Son of Man. Luke 21:27,36; not 12:24
The second coming is an event that cannot be ignored and from which one cannot flee.
-
Just as it was in the days of Noah, so also will it be in the days of the Son of Man… It will be just like this on the day the Son of Man is revealed… You also must be ready, because the Son of Man will come at an hour when you do not expect him… when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on the earth? Luke 17:26,30; 12:40; 18:8
Faith, in the present day, is an ebbing tide. Its generalized decrease also diminishes the knowledge of the 2nd coming.
Gospel of Saint John
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No one has ever gone into heaven except the one who came from heaven—the Son of Man… What if you see the Son of Man ascend to where he was before? John 3:13 & 6:62
The Being represented as the Son of Man by Daniel has always existed and is the Divinity that dwells bodily in Jesus of Nazareth. Upon ascending, He surpassed the limited terrestrial domains for the infinite openness of the heavens where He had always been.
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Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the wilderness, so the Son of Man must be lifted up… When you have lifted up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am he and that I do nothing on my own but speak just what the Father has taught me. John 3:14 & 8:28
An unequivocal indication of the crucifixion, after which the Son of Man would meet with the Ancient One, with whom He had already learned before His terrestrial life.
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Jesus replied, “The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified.” John 12:23
The terminology used by Jesus is not by chance. Daniel’s prophecy had foreseen not only the glorification of the Son of Man but also the endless duration of his kingdom.
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You will see ‘heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and descending on’ the Son of Man. John 1:51
The Son of Man is the connection that matters between Heaven and Earth.
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And he has given him authority to judge because he is the Son of Man. John 5:27
The judgment of the monstrous animal, which represents the Empire, leads to the conversion of the empire to Christianity and to the possession of this empire by the mentioned saints of Daniel’s prophecy.
Postface
Gog and Magog
A prophecy whose fulfillment is still in the future or is still in the process of becoming present leaves us no choice: we can only speak of it symbolically; at most, we can venture a guess about its meaning; never can we take any possibility of its realization for granted.
We must remember the Jews of Christ’s time! Given the content of the prophecy of Daniel 7, they were convinced that the possession of the kingdoms of the entire world would be handed to them. I ask myself, how could they not be convinced of this? The prophecy had been given by one of their prophets and, clearly, no other nation on Earth would fit as its subject.
So much time has passed and those facts have so crystallized in the past reality that will never change, that any person of our time understands that the prophecy of Daniel 7, while not being about any other nation in the world, was, in fact, about the saints! The nation in whose bosom these saints were found, at the very moment this nation should have reaped the fruit of that marvelous prophecy, ends up disowning the Son of Man by not recognizing him in Jesus of Nazareth. It thus disqualifies itself for the fulfillment of the prophecy, which then comes to be fulfilled by another group that belonged exclusively to no single nation! Ask yourself what this other group had in common with the Jewish people! That’s right: those same saints of the prophecy—the followers of the Son of Man—were in their midst. I have always thought that Our Lord, deep down, is quite the joker!
Be that as it may, Gog and Magog is happening now! The reader must, for themselves, verify the grave consequences of this for the life of anyone living in our time. There is much to say about our times from a prophetic point of view, but this, by the grace of God, will be done in other volumes.
Biblical prophecy is by no means a trivial or inconsequential subject. Today’s culture is filled with information and counter-information whose mixing and remixing over the centuries no longer favors clarification over obfuscation.
Currently, any individual who commits to elucidating the prophetic symbols will have to advance through the minefield of popular and scholarly culture, a terrain so well prepared by the two belligerent and lethally combative kings, who carry out with such competence their prophetic charge of gathering countless forces to march across the entire face of the Earth against the citizens—wherever they may be—of the city He loves.
The Dual Language of Daniel
The prophecy of Daniel is wrapped in issues that are as delicate as the ancient paper that contains it. One of these issues has to do with the two languages in which its parts are written and with the language that makes up its oldest known copies.
From the book’s content, one concludes that it was written by a Hebrew prophet named Daniel, who lived in the court of Nebuchadnezzar, which would have happened around the 6th century B.C. But this is in opposition to the occurrence of words of Persian and Greek origin in the texts, which scholars consider to be much newer, from the 2nd century B.C.


So far, so good, as such an ancient book could have been copied many times, with adaptations for the better reading of the people of each era. The problem arises from a peculiar—to say the least—arbitrariness in dating the book’s authorship to the time when those words were used by the Essenes in Qumran. I ask: why date the book this way? This is equivalent to stating that the Statue of Liberty was made in the United States, just because no one of our time saw it arriving on Liberty Island.
The bilingual fissure of the oldest known original documents for the book of Daniel and the vocabulary cracks on its ancient oceanic floor gave opportunity for the infiltration of skepticism and doubt just a little above where the intensity of the heat from the soul’s core would melt them incandescent.
It is curious that the old age of an argument and the renewed prestige of the people who uttered it can exert their weight against the antiquity of the document under analysis or study. The Persian and Greek music of the 2nd century B.C. is truly bewitching. It is so magical that its instruments, even though already turned to the dust of ages, can make even the scholars of today confuse the concepts of edition and authorship. But, not to be unfair, we must admit that it is perfectly normal for a small child, reading any book of the Bible in a "Today’s English Version" for the first time, to get the impression that it was written by someone of their own time.
It must be a Portuguese-speaker thing, but I always wonder if it’s just us who like to read Camões in good versions that transpose ancient, disused, or even unrecognizable terms into good modern Portuguese without losing the rhyme!
The Qumran folk must not have been like that! In them we find two groups of extremely zealous and reverent Essene librarians, who were in a fierce struggle due to two unique, disparate characteristics. According to the official opinion of an important group of current scholars, there was one group that was faithful to the sacred content of the texts they knew to be older; these were merely copied, undergoing very few textual alterations that did not change their meaning. There was also a second group. This latter one composed new texts with traces of ancient sacred literature. Both groups strangely agreed on one thing: to store everything together, because, after all, the sacred and what seems sacred are very similar.
Certain theories should be treated with a great deal of good humor, as their proponents used all their scientific genius to highlight their comedic content.
Someone needs to tell our scholars that the occurrence of Greek and Persian terms does not serve to date the original authorship; it only dates an edition—the one made by the Essenes. The power of the Greek and Persian words over the authorship is to define for it an upper temporal limit.